Different Alternatives To Imprisonment Criminology Essay

Various Alternatives To Imprisonment Criminology Essay 1. Presentation Options in contrast to detainment are another methodology all inclusive in adjustments. Following the World War II, reformatory specialists started to question the knowledge of keeping the jail alone as the essential remedial methodologies. As indicated by Todd, Clear Braga, (Todd, 1995, p. 80) gives that network Based Correctional methodologies develop in become basic for second and third time crooks to get sentences of probation with specific conditions set up by the court and where similar criminals is on the network administration programs. The emphasis here is on options in contrast to detainment by looking it through universally acknowledged principles. The creators of this paper will concentrate on the accompanying options in contrast to detainment: network administration, periodical detainment, remedial oversight, house capture/electronic observing and day-parole. 2. Various ALTERNATIVES TO IMPRISONMENT 2.1 Community Service Network Service is an option the court may utilize when it has concluded that a people offense is not kidding and that he/she is appropriate for making pay by profitable unpaid work in the network. Network Service ought to be genuinely and sincerely requesting of the guilty party in that it is a limitation of opportunity, includes self-restraint and a regard for other people and ought to connect with the wrongdoer in errands or circumstances that challenge his/her mentality, experience and capacity. Network administration can thusly be a constructive method of causing a wrongdoer to make up for offenses and it can empower self-awareness and sense of pride. It shows the guilty party that the network is influenced by culpability and the network can see that wrongdoers can make a productive as opposed to ruinous commitment to the network. (ZNCCS Service, 1997, p. 4) Legitimate structure for elective non-custodial authorizations is featured in global rules and national enactment as gave by (Bukurura, 2003, p. 82). On worldwide level it is accommodated in the United Nations Standards Minimum Rules for non-custodial measures (Nations, 1990). In the United States of America for example, network based authorizations are vital of the United States criminal equity framework. Experts have continually exhibited their eagerness to embrace proof based practice. As per (Melvor, 2004) who portrayed network administration in Belgium, Netherlands, Scotland and Spain in co-work viewpoint by expressing that, momentum criminological examination is especially intrigued to know whether they are not seeing a correctional turn which appears to western majority rule governments today than barely any decades prior. The new reformatory writing and study on the way of life of control have fuelled a continuous discussion and exploration on this inquiry. Network administration request was to help the network as it was presented in Spanish enactment with the 1995 criminal code of that nation. The Uganda Correctional Service additionally presented the Uganda Community Service Bill, 1998, with its primary targets to give network administration to people who carry out minor offenses, so as to diminish stuffing in Prisons, to restore detainees in the networks by accomplishing beneficial work and to forestall minor guilty parties blending in with bad-to-the-bone hoodlums. The bill further looks to enable a court which convicts an individual of a minor offense, to coordinate the guilty party, with assent of the wrongdoer to perform network administration as an option in contrast to detainment. (Administration, 1998, p. 1) The primary activities in the Community Service Orders began with National sharpening workshop that was held in 2002 and went to by Regional Governors, line Ministries, Home Affairs, and Justice, Prisons and Correctional Service and heads of Criminal Justice System. (Facilitator, Consultative Visit Report, 2002, p. 1) The proposed Bill on Community Service Orders in Namibia presents different arrangements that may encourage the usage of Community Service Orders in the nation. It is essential to take note of that according to condemning perspective, Community Service Orders is a choice utilized in fitting cases to keep a wrongdoer out of jail. In like manner a relationship exists between the detainment that may have been forced and the Community Service Order that will be served. (Facilitator, Namibia Community Service Orders, Manual, 2005, p. 5) 2.2 Periodical Imprisonment The court can guide a guilty party to remain in Prison on ends of the week or around evening time somewhere in the range of 18h00 and 06h00. A sentence of occasional detainment is a sentence of detainment during which the submitted individual might be discharged for timeframes during the day or night or for times of days, or both, or whenever indicted for a lawful offense, other than first degree murder, a Class X or Class 1 lawful offense, focused on any province, city, or territorial remedial or confinement foundation or office in this State for such timeframes as the court may coordinate. Except if the court arranges something else, the specific occasions and states of discharge will be dictated by the Department of Corrections, the sheriff, or the Superintendent of the place of adjustments, who is managing the program. (b) A sentence of intermittent detainment might be forced to allow the litigant to: (1) Seek business (2) Work (3) Conduct a business or other independently employed (4) Attend to family needs (5) Attend an instructive foundation Concerning periodical detainment, the Namibian Correctional System is line with previously mentioned definition. 2.3 Correctional Supervision It is a sentence which is served inside the network and not in the Prison. An individual who is carrying out a punishment of Correctional oversight is known as a probationer. The point of Correctional oversight is to give a methods for restoration inside the network, subsequently saving the significant connections which the wrongdoer may have with their family or network. Remedial oversight permits, or urges the guilty party to be utilized. While detainment brings about lost business and the guilty parties inability to help their dependants and result in extra expenses for the State. Since guilty parties are in the network, they can settle on choices and assume liability for their life. Guilty parties are additionally urged to make strides towards amending their criminal conduct through interest in rehabilitative projects. An individual condemned to restorative management stays under the oversight and control of the Department of Correctional Services until the sentence lapses. Management appears as immediate observing of the wrongdoers developments and consistence with the sentences conditions, just as normal help meetings with social laborers. States of the sentence may incorporate a time of house capture; the necessity that the individual be home between determined hours of the day; that the person goes to a treatment program; patience from liquor or medications; forbiddance from leaving an authoritative locale; or a specific number of long stretches of network administration. Any or these conditions might be forced. (Dissel, 1997, p. 4) Redirection is supported by Section 6 of the Criminal Procedure Act, and can be utilized where the offense perpetrated is moderately minor. (Equity, 1977, p. 76). At the point when the guilty party has conceded obligation regarding the offense, the examiner can suspend the arraignment of the endless supply of specific conditions. This is typically depending on the prerequisite that the wrongdoer goes to a specific treatment program. Charges are pulled back after the conditions have been satisfied. The Namibian enactment makes arrangement in the Prisons Act 17 of 1998 (Gazzette, 1998, p. 83) Section 96 and 97 that prisoners be discharge on parole or probation on conditions as might be dictated by the Zonal Release Board. 2.4 House capture/electronic checking Home detainment can be viewed as an option in contrast to detainment and expects to lessen re-irritating while additionally adapting to expanding jail numbers and increasing expenses. It permits reasonable wrongdoers to hold or look for business, keep up family connections and duties and go to rehabilitative projects that contribute towards tending to the reasons for their culpable. The terms of house capture can contrast, yet wrongdoers are once in a while kept to their homes 24 hours every day. Most projects permit utilized wrongdoers to proceed to work, and just restrict them during non-working hours. They can leave their homes for explicit, foreordained purposes; for instance visits to the post trial supervisor or police headquarters, strict special cases and clinical arrangements. (Spohn, 2008, p. 52). Numerous projects likewise permit the guilty party to leave the home during ordinary, pre-endorsed times so as to do general family unit undertakings, for example, shopping, faith gatherings, performing Community Services or going to approved exercises. (Stinchcomb, 2005, p. 99) House capture in certain nations, for example, Canada and New Zealand is regularly upheld using innovation items or administrations. An electronic sensor is at times bolted to the wrongdoers lower leg known as a lower leg screen. A little versatile observing unit that get radio signs produced by wrongdoers lower leg or arm band which is connected to a focal PC framework gives confirmation of a guilty parties whereabouts. (Champion, 2008) The electronic sensor transmits a GPS sign to a base handset. The base handset is associated with police or a checking administration. In the event that the wrongdoer with the sensor moves excessively far from home, the infringement is recorded and the correct specialists are gathered. Numerous lower leg screens would now be able to recognize endeavored expulsion; this is to demoralize altering. The observing help is frequently contracted out to privately owned businesses, which relegate workers to electronically screen numerous convicts at the same time. In the event that the sensors identify an infringement, the checking administration calls the convicts probation office

Socrates Discourse Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Socrates Discourse - Essay Example In that setting Socrates groups his oppressors to be as much cherished in the maneuvers of the past as in the present. Socrates disentangles the ploys of his spoilers to property his distinction and name to some recondite capacity to perform baffling and unnatural accomplishments. According to Socrates, his notoriety could be regarded to be the immediate result of a knowledge that is regular and human and thusly not past the desires of any human. According to the expressions of Socrates, his current predicament began from his fair and intense dauntlessness to scrutinize the legitimacy and honesty of the elites of his occasions, be it the lawmakers, diviners, artists, craftsmans or instructors. The preliminary of Socrates began not from some close to home sin or wrongdoing, but instead from the challenging of the denounced to enjoy a free play of thoughts, in this manner making the masses see through their proponents’ supposed knowledge and reasonableness. According to the Apol ogy, the main wrongdoing Socrates appears to have submitted is to stir things up of the elites of his occasions. In

Running Head: Multinational Corporation

General engines is a global organization that was started in 1908 by William Durant.â It has since the time stretched out its administrations to a few outside nations including Mexico. It is the world’s biggest known organization for assembling of car (Cray and Chrome 1980).Its extraordinary business exercises in Mexico are among others, arrangement of top notch Products so as to stay serious in the worldwide economy.â The pioneers inGeneral Motors have additionally imagined field-tested strategies that empower them to lessen the expenses of the Intensive building, prototyping just as tooling exercises they works in Mexico(http://www.gm.com) The General engines supervisory group has set up a net working system for recruiting new representatives to encourage assembling and showcasing of beneficiary automobiles.â The enterprise has likewise extended an activity known as kick off in Mexico whose fundamental objectives are to influence the individuals who have been recen tly recruited into the corporations’ culture and to give them a possibility of meeting workers in different pieces of the company in order to get presented to the corporations’ business pioneers (Cray and Chrome, 1980).â This guarantees smooth running of the business exercises since high worker connection is set up and maintained.General engines procedure on the host nation, Mexico, has some relative favorable circumstances. Contrasted with the US, work costs in Mexico are a lot of lower and hence General Motors Corporation has a decent potential for success in Mexico instead of US since it economically acquire its parts creation. Simultaneously General Motors Corporation in Mexico doesn't experience hardened rivalry for aptitudes and innovation from many vehicle organizations than it could experience in the US (Maurice, 1995).This is all around clarified by the way that US is accepted to pick up those employments that require high abilities and innovation as it exch anges with Mexico.â This shows a large portion of the researchers and designers who have the necessary abilities and innovation secure occupations in the General engines enterprise (Lance and Ian 1998). Since it is a well paying and set up pay contrasted with some other car enterprise in the country.The ecological issues that won during the on set of the General Motors Corporation in Mexico, for example, increasing expenses of social insurance just as benefits costs truly influenced fast development of the organization. General engines in any case, have chipped away at these issues through working broadly with the Workers Union on ways for cutting down the healthâ care costs for the laborers their families just as the retirees (http:delphi.com/about/social/)Although General Motors Corporation in Mexico was settled, it additionally confronted firm and serious weight structure the other car companies.â This could prompt lower deals than anticipated by the administration and by an d large monetary strain to the organization. Nonetheless, General Motors Company have set out on development from that point forward and it has extended PC just as electronic substance on their vehicles (Lorean and John, 1980).â It has likewise stretched out its enlistment to cover most mechanically propelled nations like China, Europe and India subsequently securing high gifted researchers and engineers.There is additionally the issue of globalization that completely has profited the General Motors Corporation.â It has been a lot simpler for the organization to gain admittance to the innovation that is being created the world over (Jagdish, 2004). In Defense of Globalization.Oxford University Press.â The various researchers and designers enlisted by the General Motors from assorted societies impact the way of life of the host nation, Mexico. The solid rivalry got by globalization has likewise made it hard for the Mexico-based vehicle organizations to contend in the market par ticularly the little organizations (Frederick, 1947)Resolving these issues has genuine monetary responsibility and long haul costs particularly when the high gifted researchers and architects interest for better salaries.The Acme engines should set up solid measures whereupon its laborers are recruited or utilized in order to improve and keep up flexibly of top notch autos to its customers. The laborers ought to have the option to lead intensive research and be mechanically inventive to empower Acme engines contend adequately in the worldwide market.References.Cray, E. and Chrome C. (1980). General Motors and Its Time. New York: McGraw-Hill.Cray, E. and Chrome C. (1980).A History of General Motors. New York: Smithmark De Lorean and John Z. (1980).On a Clear Day You Can See General Motors. London: Sidgwick and Jackson.David M. (2003).What the Market Does to People: Privatization, Globalization, and Poverty.â Clarity Press.Frederick H. (1947). Examples of Union-Management Relation s: United Automobile Workers (CIO), General Motors.Science Research Associates.Jagdish B. (2004). In Defense of Globalization.Oxford. College Press.Maurice E. (1995).Electronic Technology, Corporate Strategy, and World Transformation.Quorum Books.Lance D. and Ian M. (1998).Biographical Dictionary of the History of Technology.â â Routledge.Retrieved on 24th 2008, from http://www.gm.comRetrieved on 24th January 2008Retrieved on 24th January 2008, from http://delphi.com/about/social/

Never Forget What It Was Like to be a Student Essay -- Philosophy of E

Never Forget What It Was Like to be a Student After a lot of reflection, I saw this announcement as at the center of my instructing theory. On the off chance that you can not get understudies, you can not hope to teach them or guide their learning as adequately. A portion of my best instructors, for instance, where the individuals who comprehended that students’ capacities to focus were constrained and at some random second their understudies were confronting a lot a larger number of difficulties than those simply introduced in class. By building up an association with understudies in some way or another, these instructors requested a regard that was not just founded on dread. Subsequently, in these classes my kindred understudies and I were increasingly self-roused to do well since the degree of regard we had for our instructors likewise incorporated a longing to progress nicely and satisfy them with exceptional scholarly execution. A nearby understudy instructor relationship works in two different ways, and as I would like to think, benefits the understudies as well as has the special reward of profiting the educator too. Educators who build up an affinity with understudies will be bound to be headed to make dynamic exercises that connect with a differing bunch understudies than instructors who just appear and present data in a flat, everyday way to a dull ocean of countenances. By getting understudies, instructors are likewise ready to measure what kind of exercises would be generally suitable and powerful. A few classes, for instance, might have the option to function admirably agreeably while another class may require a similar mate...

Human Service Program and profession Unit 2 Project Research Paper

Human Service Program and calling Unit 2 Project - Research Paper Example The prerequisites of a senior specialist work are: four years of significant counseling or an open division state government counseling experience. The significance of experience is to guarantee that every customer gets proficient key exhortation on the most ideal approach to overcome their tests and meet their objective as the advisor completely comprehends the client’s needs. The senior advisor will be required to have two years introduction to driving groups. This guarantees the expert knows about this field of work. The advisor ought to be eager to go at practically whenever. This guarantees accessibility and adaptability of the expert to the client’s needs. Expert will likewise be expected to have 2 years involvement with business mapping, structure and procedure examination. This is on the grounds that every customer has their own one of a kind requests and hence the specialist should be imaginative enough to suit the client’s needs. The last prerequisite w ill be 2 years of performing reasonable and specialized plans. Recognition of the senior advisor to these plans will empower customers to get proficient assistance. My other activity is titled Integrated Eligibility (Health and Human Services) Manager. This activity involves the director driving and conveying the customers commitment which recognize, structure, and apply inventive innovation and business answers for greater organizations. The prerequisites of being an administrator are: in any event 6 years industry and counseling experience. This is to guarantee that the administrators forces appropriate critical thinking aptitudes and have the ability to make develop decisions. Great composed and oral relational abilities and introduction aptitudes are likewise required. This is on the grounds that they will be required to take part in data exercises and research proposition exercises. A Bachelor’s Degree in open strategy will be required. This is to guarantee there is the utilization of value gauges in venture conveyance antiques. Chiefs

10 Marketing Trends to Watch

10 Marketing Trends to Watch We are living in a time of radical transformation, with emerging technologies, methods, and consumer behaviors constantly changing the field of marketing.If you want your business to self itself apart from its competitors in a very crowded marketing environment, you need to not only be aware of emerging marketing trends, but to also take advantage of these trends to keep yourself ahead of the pack.You already have a marketing strategy or approach that has previously worked well for your business, and at this point, you might wondering why you need to bother learning about any new trends when you have something that works just fine for you.I’ll tell you why. You see, marketing trends don’t just evolve for the sake of it.The engineers at Facebook don’t just sit in their offices at Menlo Park and say something like, “You know what, it’s a boring day today, why don’t we have some fun by changing the algorithms that determine what users see on their timeline?”You can bet tha t has never happened.Instead, changes in the marketing world are initiated by changes in consumer behavior.Consumers change the way they interact with advertisements, how they research products before purchasing, how they shop, and their preferred methods of making payments, which in turn forces the marketing world to instigate its own changes to reflect the changes in consumer behavior and preferences.If you don’t want your business to become irrelevant and obsolete, you have to stay up to date with any changes and trends in the marketing world and adapt your businesses to these changes.Sure, sticking to your old way of doing things might be cheaper in the short term, but in the long term, your business will be left behind while the rest of the world moves ahead.Below, we have compiled a list of 10 trends that will define the marketing world over the next one year.If you are interested in putting your business ahead of your competitors, go through the list, find those that are mo st suitable for your business and start implementing.ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE WILL PLAY A BIGGER ROLE IN PERSONALIZATION AND AUTOMATION Artificial intelligence refers to the ability of computers to perform tasks that have been ordinarily believed to be the reserve of humans, or tasks that require some level of intelligence to accomplish.I’m talking about tasks such as reasoning, talking, socializing, learning, solving problems, and so on.When a computer program is able to accomplish such tasks, it is considered to be artificially intelligent.Artificial intelligence has been steadily growing in prominence, and it has already become a natural part of our daily lives.There are several situations where you interact with AI on a daily basis, even if you might not have been aware of it.When you ask Siri to give you directions to get you where you are going, or when you ask it to text someone, you are interacting with AI.When YouTube recommends videos you might like, it does this using AI . When you post a photo on Facebook and Facebook automatically recognizes and tags everyone in the photo, that is AI at play.Slowly, AI has been inching its way into the world of marketing and is poised to revolutionize how businesses advertise to and interact with their customers.AI will improve and expand the ability of businesses to connect with their customers and allow them to solve customers’ problems much faster and more effectively.Today, consumers perform a lot of activities online, and in so doing, they leave behind a treasure trove of data.AI makes it possible for businesses to analyze this data and gain useful insights about customer behavior, priorities, interests, and preferences.Using these insights, businesses can then provide a more customized and personalized online experience to their customers, leading to improved engagements between customers and the business and increased conversions and increased sales.While the use of AI in marketing is not new, recent adva nces in the technology will make personalization of the customer experience better and more accurate than ever before.Granted, there are concerns about how ethical it is to mine customer data to understand their behavior and drive sales, but reports show that customers have no problem sharing their personal data in exchange for a more personalized experience.If you have not been utilizing AI in your marketing strategy, it might be time to jump on board.Start researching different ways you can incorporate AI into your marketing operations.To get you started, here is a list of marketing skills you need in the era of artificial intelligence.INTERACTIVE VIDEO CONTENTVideo marketing has been on steadily growing for a couple of years now.Every month, more than 1.9 billion users log onto YouTube, the world’s largest video streaming platform.Every single day, over one billion hours of video are viewed on the platform.A report by Cisco also predicted that video content will account for ove r 80% of internet traffic by this year.According to Spiceworks, adoption of video marketing by marketers will grow to 68% in 2019, up from 49% in 2018.With video marketing showing so much promise, markets are trying to come up with news of taking advantage of the trend. One of these is interactive video.You might be wondering what exactly interactive video is.Traditionally, watching video has been a very passive affair. You click play to start the content and then lean back as the content plays till the end.The only interactions allowed when watching traditional video are pausing, rewinding, and fast forwarding. Interactive video, on the other hand, gives you numerous options to interact with the video content.You can drag the video to see the content from different angles, input data that will alter the direction of the content, answer quizzes within the video, view additional information about elements within the video, and do several other things.Basically, a user’s experience with interactive video is unique based on how they choose to interact with the video content. You can check out an amazing example of an interactive video here.Interactive videos are gaining a lot of popularity because they help boost engagement. Interactive videos perform better than traditional videos, and viewers are more likely to get to the end of an interactive video compared to an ordinary video.According to an infographic by Advrtas, 98% of Americans feel that the content in 360 ° videos is more exciting compared to regular video content. 360 ° videos also have a much higher click-through rate than regular videos.According to Oh! Video, 70% of marketers believe that interactive videos have helped boost their business.With such reports, you can expect that the use of interactive video in marketing will only keep growing.CHATBOTS ARE HERE TO STAYEver made an inquiry to a business and then had to wait for 24 hours or more before getting a response?How did it make you feel? By t he time the response came, you had probably forgotten about the inquiry, or maybe you had already purchased what you were looking for from someone else.Generally, humans are very impatient.According to HubSpot, over half of your customers expect their sales, marketing, or customer service inquiry to be responded to within 10 minutes.Unless you have hundreds of customer service representatives, responding to ALL customer inquiries within 10 minutes is not possible.Or is it?Turns out it is possible with the help of chatbots.Chatbots are little AI powered assistants that integrate into websites and play the role of customer service representatives by typically responding to customer inquiries and fulfilling customer requests quickly.These bots have the ability to understand complex requests and give personalized responses. They can also learn and improve their interactions with customers over time.Sometime, customers might not even realize that they are interacting with bots.With chatb ots, businesses no longer need to have a free human member of staff to hold a one on one live chat with a customer.Bots are highly scalable and can chat with hundreds of customers simultaneously, while giving these customers the perception of a one on one interaction.While chatbots have been around for a while, the technology will continue growing and defining interactions between businesses and customers.According to a report by Oracle, 80% of companies are already using or plan to be using chatbots by next year (2020), while another report by Grand View Research predicts that the global chatbot market will hit $1.25 billion by 2025.Such reports show that this trend in marketing will continue growing, and if you have not started using this technology in your business, you should start considering it. Source: RubyGarageTHE RISE OF VOICE SEARCHWhen was the last time you used one of the major voice assistants â€" Siri, Google Assistant, Cortana, or Alexa?I’m guessing you have had an interaction with one of them at least once in the last one month.These voice assistants are becoming more popular and changing how we search for and consumer information.Voice recognition technology is not new.However, in the last couple of years, voice assistant devices and smart speakers have become very affordable, leading to an explosion in the use of this technology.Many of them already come with your smartphone. You can get a smart speaker, such as the Google Home or the Amazon Echo for less than $150.The ubiquity of these voice assistants has led to an increase in the number of search queries that are made by voice.The growing popularity of voice search stems from the convenience offered by these devices.You can easily find information without pulling out your device or having to free your hands from whatever you are doing.Asking a question or issuing a command verbally is also more natural than typing something on a keyboard or clicking icons and buttons on a screen.Marketers have realized the potential of voice and are already responding and finding ways to capitalize on voice technology to reach their target audiences more effectively.According to Search Engine Land, commerce sales driven by voice hit $1.8 billion in 2017, and are expected to hit $40 billion in the next 3 years.If you want to cash in on this growing market, this is the right time to get into the game. Source: CodeCondoFOCUS ON EXPERIENTIAL COMMERCEIn the past, most marketing initiatives were focused on pushing products to customers.However, businesses are doing away with this approach to marketing in favor of experiential commerce, which is aimed at pulling in customers to the brand.Experiential commerce is all about giving customers a great experience throughout their interaction with your brand and focusing on building a lasting relationship with them, rather than simply focusing on a single transaction.It’s all about creating a seamless experience for customers across different channels and platforms and removing friction in all the customer touch points where a customer might engage with your business before making a purchase decision.While the focus on a single transaction is less costly and will bring results much faster, experiential commerce has greater benefits in the long run.It turns customers into true fans of your brand and increases their customer lifetime value.Co mpanies have already started embracing experiential marketing.For instance, a Bloomberg report outlines Walmart’s plan to introduce VR into their shopping experience. The retailer has a plan to introduce virtual showrooms accessible on VR.Customers can navigate the virtual showroom and grab items off the virtual shelf. These items then get sent to the customer’s home.Similarly, men’s clothing store Nordstrom has introduced a new store that allows customers to navigate their experience through an app on their smartphone.A customer selects the clothes they would like to try on, and the dressing room is set up in advance with the clothes they chose.This trend will only continue getting bigger, and if you don’t want to be left behind, you should start looking for ways to make customer interactions with your brand more appealing.THE RISE OF VERTICAL VIDEOIt seems video will play a very important role in the future of marketing.Today, mobile usage is at an all-time high, and there fore it goes without saying that most videos are consumed on mobile devices.Previously, however, people were forced to turn their mobile devices to the side when viewing videos in full screen mode, something that people do not always like.This led to the rise of vertical video, which was introduced by Snapchat and has been popularized by Instagram’s IGTV.This is a standalone app that allows mobile users to watch videos in vertical mode. IGTV also allows users to post videos that are much longer than the main Instagram app allows. Facebook has also embraced vertical video format.Vertical video is better suited for mobile devices, and with predictions that mobile devices will account for 72% of internet traffic by 2025, you can bet that this trend is not going away.All the major social media platforms have also embraced vertical video.Early tests by Facebook also show that vertical video boosts user engagement.This shows that vertical video will become big in the near future, and as a marketer, you need to start familiarizing yourself with this new video format and start adjusting your strategy accordingly.IT’S TIME TO FOCUS ON GEN ZGeneration Z is coming of age. They have started entering the workforce and gaining some purchasing power, which means brands will start to pay more attention to them.If you remember how marketers struggled to understand the millennials, you can expect the same thing to happen with Gen Z, who already make up about 25% of the population.Most people in Gen Z are digital natives.Most don’t recall much about life before the rise of smartphones and internet giants like Google and Amazon.This generation wants brands to provide guidance rather than trying to sell to them, and therefore brands should start adapting themselves to their preferences.In addition, Gen Z wants brands that are socially responsible and authentic.They are more aware about the impact of capitalism on the world, and they want to deal with brands that are committe d to making the world a better place, so brands need to start aiming for authenticity and social responsibility.Even as they focus on Gen Z, brands should also pay attention to the Alpha Generation, which consists of children born after 2009.Despite having no purchasing power themselves, they have an influence on the shopping habits of their millennial parents.In addition, they started using mobile devices just as they were learning to walk.THE GROWTH OF MICRO-INFLUENCERSEver since the rise of social media, influencer marketing has been a major element in most brands’ social media strategy.However, the mainstream approach to influencer marketing is starting to change.Traditionally, brands have been engaging in influencer marketing by partnering with individuals with high follower numbers â€" celebrities and industry experts in most cases.However, celebrity marketing is becoming less effective.Instead, people are paying greater attention to micro-influencers â€" ordinary people who have earned the trust of their peers and followers.For instance, if your brand sells camping gear, your customers are more likely to trust other campers than a celebrity who just went on a fully paid camping trip to shoot photos for the campaign.While micro-influencers have lower follower numbers than celebrities, their followers are more likely to relate with and respond to them, because they view them as “real people,” which in turn leads to higher engagement â€" more clicks, more subscribes, and more purchases.Aside from delivering higher engagement, partnering with a network of micro-influencers is more cost effective for brands compared to engaging high level influencers.In the near future, the use of micro-influencers by brands will continue growing, because this approach has been shown to have better results and to be more cost-effective.Therefore, next time you need to work with influencers, ignore the follower count, and instead do some research and identify ordinary p eople who have built their followers trust in their specific niche.CONTENT MARKETING WILL CONTINUE GROWINGContent marketing has been at the forefront of marketing for a while now, and this is not about to change any time soon.Unlike traditional approaches to marketing, which try hard to push products to customers, content marketing is a form of inbound marketing, which attracts customers to a brand by writing interesting, engaging and valuable content.According to HubSpot, 47% of buyers view three to five pieces of content before they make the purchase decision. 70% of customers also prefer learning about products through content rather than through traditional advertising.By adopting content marketing, you make it possible for potential customers to research and learn about your products at their own pace, without feeling like they are being pressured to buy.This explains why almost every business today has a blog.However, with everyone producing content, simply having a blog and p osting content randomly won’t help you much.If you want your content marketing to be effective, you have to come up with a well thought out content marketing strategy and ensure you produce high quality content that resonates with your target audience.THE RISE OF VISUAL SEARCHAnother new trend that will redefine how users search for information and bring a totally new experience is visual search.Visual search allows people to upload images and then get more information about whatever is in the image.A number of companies have already jumped on the visual search bandwagon. For instance, Pinterest launched a visual search tool known as Lens.By taking a photo of an item using Lens, users can learn more about the item, learn where they can buy it online, view pinboards for similar or related items, or search for similar items.Google also has a similar tool, which is also named Google Lens, though it is only available on Google Pixel phones. With Google Lens, all you need to do is poin t your camera at an item, landmark, or other object and the tool will give you more information about the item.There is also a visual search mobile app known as CamFind, which allows users to perform a visual search by simply taking a photo, instead of typing a search query.You can even take a photo of a movie poster and get more information about the movie, view trailers, and even find local theaters where you can watch the movie.While visual search has not gained a lot of popularity, the technology is steadily growing, and jumping on the trend early can put you ahead of your competitors and make it easier for customers to find your products.WRAPPING UPMarketing is an ever-changing field, and it is always better to be prepared for coming changes rather than find yourself left relying on old strategies while everyone else has moved on to new technologies and new approaches.Fortunately, this list has brought you up to speed with some of the trends that will shape marketing for the ne xt one year or two.While you don’t have to jump on each of these trends right away, it is good to keep you thumb on the pulse of these trends and be ready to adapt where necessary if you want your business to remain relevant.

Serial Killer Behavior - Free Essay Example

Serial killers have been around for many generations, and there isnt a specific reason as to why they develop such violent behaviors. These things can be accompanied by the development of sexual paraphilias and childhood trauma, which can encourage the development of a personality disorder or psychopathy. One of those disorders being Antisocial Personality Disorder. An article written by Bradley R. Johnson, MD, and Judith V. Becker, Ph.D. talks about the case files of adolescents who have expressed fantasies about becoming serial killers. These fantasies would take place between the ages of 14-18 years old and are similar to that of a sadistic serial killer. Johnson and Becker point out that this is also the time in youth where sexual paraphilias develop. A sexual paraphilia is when he/she are sexually aroused by an object that is not normally considered sexually arousing. (Woods, 2018) The question of whether or not we can predict who will be serial killers based on their adolescent years is posed. There are a number of essential components to most paraphilic behaviors, including fantasy, compulsive masturbation, and facilitators (e.g., alcohol, drugs,etc..) which serves to motivate violent and/or deviant sexual conduct. (Arrigo Purcell, 2001) The Sadistic Murder by Richard von Krafft- Ebing highlighted the similarities in the history of serial killers and the teens. From the contradictory feelings for their mother to their personality disorders. They all enjoyed the power and had a history of animal cruelty. It was brought out that having deviant sexual fantasies is normal and that people who experience sexual paraphilia dont act on their fantasies. If adolescence is having these sadistic sexual fantasies, they should be watched closely but there is no guarantee that they will act upon their fantasies. There are similarities between serial killers and these children but there is no direct connection. (Woods, 2018) In one particular case, H, 18-year-old, white male, suffered from ADHD and chronic depression. He was of below average intelligence with possible learning disabilities. At an early age, he recalled being physically abused by his mother and being sexually provocative, exposing herself to him or watching him undre ss and making erotic comments. His parents once engaged in sexual intercourse in front of him. At the age of 14, he began to fantasize about having sexual intercourse with his mother, killing her, and continuing to have intercourse with her corpse. He even admitted to masturbating 8 times a day to this thought with the aid of his mothers underwear. (Johnson Becker, 1997) Although this instance does not directly connect to future violent actions, it does bring light on childhood trauma and how it can lead to personality disorders. Other historical factors common in serial killers are abuse, trauma, insecure attachment, loss or abandonment of a parent or caretaker, antisocial behavior, head injury, and low arousal levels. (Labrode, 2007) The diagnosis of a conduct disorder is also given when a child starts to develop antisocial traits starting with animal cruelty and torture. A conduct disorder involves a repetitive and persistent pattern of behavior where societal norms are violated. (American Psychiatric Association, 2013) According to DSM-5 criteria for conduct disorder, there are four categories that could be present in the childs behavior: aggression to people and animals, destruction of property, deceitfulness or theft, and serious violation of rules. Paraphilias can occur within the context of Axis II disorders such as borderline or antisocial personality disorders. (Malin Saleh, 2007) Referring back to the previous case, H was diagnosed with ADHD which is a conduct disorder which could have been influe nced by the treatment from his mother. ADHD is diagnosed with a child under the age of eighteen and cannot be diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder. The criteria are quite different because of the age group but this disorder definitely mirrors that of a personality if the severity increased. One of the points of criteria in Antisocial Personality Disorder, there has had to be evidence of a conduct disorder. Consistent irresponsibility, as indicated by repeated failure to sustain consistent work behavior mirrors the criteria of ADHD which brings out that the children will be reluctant to engage in an activity such as homework. The impulsivity of a child with ADHD is that of a person with ASPD and has the potential of meeting all of the requirements for the personality disorder. The DSM brings out, antisocial personality disorder is a persuasive pattern of disregard forthe rights of others that begins in childhood and continues into adulthood. (American Psychiatric Association, 2013) In order for the patient to get diagnosed with this disorder, they have to be 18 years of age and has had a history of a conduct disorder around the age of 15. People with antisocial personality disorder lack empathy and can display superficial charm and is more common in males who take over the demographics of serial killers. Since the psychopathy also includes some of these traits, these two terms are seen as synonymous. Scientifically speaking, the amygdala responses to fearful facial expressions (Blair, 2003), which have been found to be impaired in people with psychopathy. Although psychopathic people with ASPD are not psychopathic killers, there is still a chance that they could be compelled to kill. When looking at the criterion, the psychopathy checklist is more relevant when diagnosing a serial killer even though the criteria overlap. (LaBrode, 2007) This type of disorder originates from environmental factors such as family and if there were neglect and abuse. As a child dealing with abuse or neglect, they develop coping mechanisms to numb or displace their emotions or there becomes an absence of the emotions. As the child grows into adolescence they may act out displacing those emotions into the form of vandalism, theft, and or violence. If the juvenile with an antisocial personality disorder were still exposed to the environmental factors contributing to the abuse they felt when they were younger, it could cause a severe violent reaction, acting as a displacement for the pent-up emotions such as homicidal tendencies with animals and then with people eventually leading to psychopathic behaviors. (Murray, 2018) According to the FBI, the development of social coping mechanisms starts during early childhood and the failure of developing coping mechanisms can lead to violent behavior. Most serial killers eroticized violence during their development, which intertwined sexual gratification and violent behavior. (Johns, Keel, Malkiewics, McNamar a, Mellecker, OToole, Resch, Safarik, Showalter, and Trahern, 2010) We are going to focus on certain serial killers that meet the criteria of ASPD based on their childhood. Ted Bundy Ted Bundy was a serial killer, rapist, necrophiliac, and kidnapper who taunted 7 states between 1974-1978 by committing 30+ murders on young women. Bundy was regarded as handsome and charismatic, which were traits that he exploited to win their trust. He would then seclude and assault them, and would even revisit the scene to sexually violate the body during decomposition and it was impossible to interact with it anymore. He decapitated 12 of his victims and even kept their heads as trophies. (Wikipedia, 2018) During his childhood, he was essentially raised by his grandparents who posed as his parents while his mother posed as his sister. Bundy respected his grandfather greatly who had a showed his abusive habits towards anyone who questioned his authority which contradicted his grandmothers obedient attitude. At his young age, he showed interest in women and even went around to peep into their homes and it escalated to watching pornography. He also showed interest in crime magazines which encouraged his sexual violent fantasies. Christina Nixon, a Bundy expert claimed, considering porn magazines view women as sex objects, it most certainly amplified his feelings of hate/disrespect towards certain women. (Hammon, 2017) His violent urges were sparked by the sudden breakup with his girlfriend, Stephanie Brooks. Similar to how he grew comfortable around his girlfriend then suddenly got dumped, he made his victims feel comfortable and killed them. All his victims had brown hair with a part down the middle which could be assumed to be how his girlfriend looked. Bundy displayed many personality traits typically found in ASPD patients such as the charm he used on the women he abducted and killed. Although there is no direct connection between Antisocial personality disorder and serial killings, there is evidence that the traits of ASPD can influence the actions of ones sexually violent fantasies due to the lack of remorse and regard of others. Since there isnt one theory pointing towards the cause of a serial killers violent behavior, sexual paraphilias and childhood trauma contribute to the development of a personality disorder. In one particular case, an adolescent, diagnosed with a conduct disorder, de veloped a sexual sadist fantasy about his mother which ended in her death. This highlighted the connection of conduct disorders during childhood which could lead to the diagnosis of ASPD. This proves the point that these factors could lead to acting upon ones violent urges which is the impulsivity catergorized in ASPD and CD during childhood.