Desalination The Primary Source Of Drinking Water Essay

Desalination Lyndsey Parnell Mrs. O’Sullivan English III 2 March 2016 Lyndsey Parnell Mrs. O’Sullivan English III 2 March 2016 Desalination Imagine a world where seawater is the primary source of drinking water for almost all countries. This water could provide towns and cities with safe, regulation-abiding nourishment, equipped with all the minerals and purifiers added to modern drinking water. Of course, drinking straight seawater day after day would not only taste unpleasant, it would be harmful to a person’s body. The briny mixture would have to be filtered and treated in processes similar to how wastewater is treated. But wastewater does not contain nearly as much saline as seawater, so an additional process must be put into place to fully treat seawater that is to be turned into safe drinking water. This process is called desalination, and it is already being put into practice in several different areas around the world. It has helped pull countries out of droughts and other natural disasters. Desalination is not flawless, however, and more research on cost, environmental impacts, and energy efficiency, need s to be conducted before considering it a sustainable drinking water system that the entire world can rely on. As mentioned previously, desalination is the process in which salt is removed from water (DVS Marketing).While this process sounds fairly modern, it is not a new technology: the first official use was in 1791; this was shared in a technicalShow MoreRelatedSalt Water As A Universal Human Right1306 Words   |  6 Pages1.0 Introduction Water is life, and although it is tasteless, colourless and orderless, it is still the most valuable source of life. Fresh water is regarded as a universal human right (United Nations Committee in Economics, Social and cultural Rights, 2003). 2.0 Background 70% of the earths surface is covered with water and 90% of this is salt water, over 700 million people don t have access to clean and safe drinking water (wateringearth.org). Furthermore 30% of the total world area comprisesRead MoreComparing Different Ways of Supplying Water to Kenya1516 Words   |  7 Pagesdifferent ways to supply water in this region. At the end of the report, make a recommendation of the best method of water provision. 1. Introduction Water is one of the vital substances on earth and according to Kreger (2004)â€Å"Actually, only 1% of the worlds water is usable to us. About 97% is salty seawater, and 2% is frozen in glaciers and polar ice caps. Thus that 1% of the worlds water supply is a precious commodity necessary for our survival.† All humans on earth need water to survive. A humanRead MoreBiological Engineering : Access For Clean Water1254 Words   |  6 PagesBIOLOGICAL ENGINEERING: Access to clean water Introduction The U.S. National Academy of Engineering(NAE) (2011) published a document presenting Grand Challenges for engineering. Leading engineers and scientists proposed this list at the request of the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF). Fourteen topics were selected for these grand challenges. One of them was Access to clean water and one of major areas of research to overcome this challenge is biological engineering. According to biologicalRead MoreAddressing the Problem of Freshwater Scarcity1497 Words   |  6 PagesScarcity OUTLINE Introduction Background I. Types of Water Use Water Control II. Working Group II Third Assessment Report III. Water Desalination IV. Sustainable Water Challenges V. The Solutions Summary and Conclusion Bibliography Addressing the Problem of Freshwater Scarcity Introduction Freshwater sources are rapidly becoming a problem for many people to access with the worlds water supplies dwindling and many sources of water becoming contaminated for various causes. The world isRead MoreWater Scarcity in India1406 Words   |  6 PagesWater is an essential resource to sustain life. From 50 - 90 percent of the weight of living organisms is water. Water is the major constituent of living matter. Water, essential for growth of all crops, is the natural resource in shortest supply. More than 20 countries lack sufficient water to grow enough food for their people. The situation is getting worse as needs for water rise along with population growth, urbanization and increases in household and industrial uses. According to a UN reportRead MoreSkills For A World s Arid Areas And Their Feasibility1521 Words   |  7 Pagesavailability and access to clean and safe water. Indeed, water is an essential component in the industrial, agricultural, transport, among other economi c and social sectors. However, a research done by UNICEF(2012) states that â€Å"Over 780 million people are still without access to improved sources of drinking water and 2.5 billion lack improved sanitation.â€Å" The majority of this population is residing in the arid areas, which account for a third of the total global mass. Water scarcity and salinity are majorRead MoreA Brief Note On Membrane Technologies And Its Effect On Water Quality3782 Words   |  16 Pagesrole in wastewater treatment processes. Recently, due to the stricter regulation for drinking water quality, improvements of membrane materials and modules, smaller footprint, relative simplicity of installation, membrane technologies have drawn an increasing attention in water treatment processes [1]. Recent years, population growth, urbanization and industrialization has rapidly increased the clean water demand, however, the anthropogenic activities brought by these development, such as wastewaterRead MoreFresh Water For Tuvalu : Project And Health Issue2664 Words   |  11 Pages Fresh Water for Tuvalu Celine Wilson California Baptist University Fresh Water for Tuvalu Project and Health Issue In the peaceful island country of Tuvalu, there is no genocide, no civil unrest, but no fresh water source. Rainwater harvesting is the primary source of fresh water. Rainwater collected from roofs, to gutters, and stored in tanks; unfortunately, these tanks are poorly maintained, or damaged by tropical cyclones, resulting in a lack of water (Kingston, 2012). Three out ofRead MoreWrite a Recommendation Report in Which You Compare Two Water Provision Methods for an Arid Region of Your Choice2913 Words   |  12 PagesContent 1 1.0 Introduction3 2.0 Background3 3.0 Presentation of options4 3.1 Water Reuse4 3.2 Desalination5 3.2.1 Solar Thermal Desalination 5 3.2.2 Wind Power Desalination 5 4.0 Requirements5 4.1 Cost 5 4.2 Environmental Impact 6 4.3 Policies 7 5.0 Comparison of options 7 5.1 Water Reuse7 5.1.1 Cost 7 5.1.2 Environmental Impact 8 5.1.3 Policies 9 5.2 Desalination 9 5.2.1 Cost 10 5.2.2 Environmental Impact 10 5.2.3 Policies 11 6.0 Conclusion12 7.0 Recommendations 12 References13 Read MoreClarity And Brevity Of Background And Context2412 Words   |  10 Pageswellbeing and peace. The discovery of natural resources such as land, forest, and water sources over recent decades has helped to establish positive changes in the global ecosystem. The population that depends on natural resources as their livelihood has been greatly impacted. Two aspects of ensuring environmental sustainability have been accomplished. The proportion of the population without available safe drinking water has been cut in half (Millennium Development Goal #7, 2012). In addition, the

The Jungle Essay - 1521 Words

The Jungle Throughout Upton Sinclair’s novel, The Jungle, the inhumane and disgusting treatment the working men and women was shown to the eyes of the American people. Although what the book is most recognized for is creating the Pure Food and Drug Act, an act that gave consumers protection from dangerous and impure foods, the many various horrors the lower working class had to go through was something that deserved more recognition. Upton Sinclair’s novel, The Jungle, gives an insight on how it was nearly impossible for someone of lower class to work and survive in the various big cities in America. The Jungle is about a family from Lithuania who travels to America in hope of a better life. When they first arrive things†¦show more content†¦Mister Sinclair shows that even though the working conditions were so dreadful, not one man would stop coming to work. They would rather risk dying in the factories, or dying from frostbite as they trekked through the snow than stop coming to work and allow someone else to take their job, because back then that was suicide. If you didn’t go to work you were allowing your family the possibility of not being able to survive the winter, because it’s just less money to fill more mouths. The horrible hardships the family faces in the winter is merely the beginning of their problems. As the book goes on things seem like they’re looking up, Ona has her baby, which they name Antanas, and the family is working hard to make money. Then Jurgis breaks his ankle and cannot return to work for months. â€Å"in leaping out of the way he turned his ankle. There was a twinge of pain, but Jurgis was used to pain, and did not coddle himself. When he came to walk home, however, he realized that it was hurting him a great deal; and in the morning his ankle was swollen out nearly double its size, and he could not get his foot into his shoe.†(114) Jurgis is laid up for a couple weeks and tries to return to work, but in doing this he injuresShow MoreRelatedThe Jungle Essay954 Words   |  4 Pages The Jungle Essay In the book, Out of Many, 8th ed. written by John Faragher shows what America was like in the 19th century, such as the unions and factory work. First of all, the organizations such as the meatpacking industries, or the fertilizer department, failed to properly mark hazardous areas, compensate for working hours, or treat their workers fairly. They also worked the workers for ten to twelve hour days, so the workers created unions to get an eight-hour work day. The Jungle, writtenRead MoreInto the Jungle Essay1003 Words   |  5 Pages Bio 102 B 02/27/13 Into the Jungle Ch.7 Miss Latimer’s Discovery In the Chapter 7 of Into the Jungle by Sean B. Carroll, the author explored the discovery of a fish thought to have been extinct for millions of years, which was discovered by pure happenstance. Miss Marjorie Courtenay-Latimer discovered a â€Å"living fossil†, the sea - coelacanth fish, which was from a species hundreds of millions of years old. The fish was discovered based on instinct and feeling of Miss. Latimer, and it was interestingRead MoreEssay on The Jungle586 Words   |  3 PagesThe Jungle In Upton Sinclair’s novel The Jungle not only symbolized an era where dirt and filth ran rampant in meat packing industry, but it also exposed people to the natural human desire of greed, power, and corruptions. This in turn was a socialist transformation itself. Sinclair also provides the meaning to the phrase â€Å"wage slavery† in different ways. In the novel Sinclair tells a story about a man name Jurgis, a Lithuanian immigrant who gets married to young lady named OnaRead More the jungle Essay1116 Words   |  5 PagesSinclair found the setting of the book that would bring him to fame. He first won recognition by the jungle in 1906. This book is a powerful realistic study of social conditions in the stockyards and packing plants of Chicago. It aided in the passing of pure food laws. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;This novel illustrates how greed and ruthless competition has made the turn of the century into a ruthless jungle. â€Å"Take or be Taken† was the guiding rule, and everyone was someone else’s prey. The meatpackingRead More The Jungle Essay774 Words   |  4 Pages The Jungle by Upton Sinclair Upton Sinclairs The Jungle is the tale of a Lithuanian immigrant, Jurgis Rudkus, and his family. Jurgis and his family move to the United States in the middle of the Industrial Revolution, only to find themselves ill-equipped for the transition in the workplace and in society in general. Jurgis faces countless social injustices, and through a series of such interactions, the theme of the book is revealed: the support of socialism over capitalism as an economic andRead More Jungle Essay1542 Words   |  7 Pages nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The Jungle by Upton Sinclare was the novel I chose to read for this final section. This book was 359 pages long with 31 chapter inside. From beginning to end, this book had detail unlike any I have ever read in the past this year. The way this novel was structured was a one sided view of how the industrial age was horrible to live in. Sinclare hated this time and used this book to show how bad it really was. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;TwoRead More The Jungle Essay478 Words   |  2 Pages The Jungle By: Upton Sinclair The story opens with the feast at Jurgis and Ona’s wedding in America, but soon flashes back to the time before they left Lithuania. Jurgis met Ona at a horse fair, and fell in love with her. Unfortunately, they were too poor to have a wedding, since Ona’s father just died. In the hopes of finding freedom and fortune, they left for America, bringing many members of Ona’s family with them. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;During time in America, Jurgis and his wifeRead MoreLaw of the Jungle Essay1394 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction The term â€Å"Law of the Jungle† is an expression often meaning â€Å"every man for himself,† â€Å"survival of the fittest† or â€Å"anything goes.† A term that also referred to as the time period prior to the Wagner Act enacted in 1935. A time in which collective bargaining existed in theory but not fairly practice between unions and employers. When practiced fairly, collective bargaining allows workers to achieve a form of democracy within the workplace; thus allowing for a form of rules to beRead MoreEssay On The Jungle Of Mystery751 Words   |  4 PagesDrew Meyer Taler’s Adventure Once upon a time, there was a tiger named Taler who lived in the Jungle of Mystery. The Jungle of Mystery has flowers of many colors. Taler really liked the blue flowers that grew alongside the cliff. That cliff looked over the waterfall. Her sister, Tara, said, â€Å"Now Taler, do not go near that cliff.† Taler heard what her sister said, but she did it anyway, and everyday Taler would get closer and closer to the edge of the cliff. â€Å"Now Taler, do not go near that cliffRead MoreJungle Monkeys Essays1253 Words   |  6 PagesThe monkeys of Rudyard Kipling’s The Jungle Book are a very unique group of characters. They are viewed by the other animals of the jungle, or the Jungle People as they call themselves, as outcasts and outlaws. The most prominent chapter they occur in, â€Å"Kaa’s Hunting†, shows their lawless, shiftless, and uncivilized way of life. This image in itself does not give off any racist undertone. However, Disney’s adaption of The Jungle Book carries this view of the monkeys, while also giving them strong

Police Enforcement Agency Of Bangladesh Essay - 1805 Words

Introduction: The Bangladesh Police is the main law enforcement agency of Bangladesh. It is administered under the Ministry of Home Affairs of the Government of Bangladesh. It plays a crucial role in maintaining peace, and enforcement of law and order within Bangladesh. Though the police are primarily concerned with the maintenance of law and order and security of persons and property of individuals, it also plays a big role in the criminal justice system. After decades of misuse and neglect, Bangladesh police is a source of instability and fear rather than a key component of a democratic society. A friend asks another friend How many people were there at the tea shop? He replies, Oh, only a few, just a couple of gentle men and a cop. You must have heard this joke or one of its many variations. The implied hint is clear. There are obvious reasons behind this common perception. But like all generalizations, these do not portray the whole truth. Abstract: Police is one of the important law enforcing agencies to control the pace of crime and law and order situation. Subordinate Police Officers are the key role players in this context. At present, crime is increasing; the criminal justice system is cracking under heavy workload; society’s expectations from the police are high but the police’s status and resources, working and living conditions leave a lot to be desired. Moreover, the law enforcers are encountering some humanitarian issues and limited facilities. WelfareShow MoreRelatedThe Peoples Republic of Bangedesh is Combatting Drug Trafficking863 Words   |  4 PagesThe People’s Republic of Bangladesh adheres to the international effort in combating the illicit trade of drugs through multiple United Nations treaties such as the 1961 First Convention on Narcotic Drugs, the 1971 Convention on Psychotropic Substances, and the 1988 Convention against the Illicit Trade in Narcotics Drugs and Psychotropic Substances. Bangladesh stresses the need of addressing the illicit trade of drugs within the respective borders of Member States alongside an active participationRead MoreExtrajudicial Killing in Bangladesh3967 Words   |  16 Pagesimposed ,not least with value allegations of pain and extra judicial killing by law enforcing agencies of Bangladesh. If there is no punishment for such crimes, there is no restriction emanating from the state and such violence becomes authorized, officially or unofficially. In our country extra judicia l killing are mainly occurred by Rapid Action Battalion(RAB)and also other law enforcing agencies like; Police, Ansar ,BGB, Coast Guard . Extra judicial killing is also violation of fundamental human rightsRead MoreProblems of Police in Bangladesh4518 Words   |  19 PagesIntroduction Police, agency of a community or government that is responsible for maintaining public order and preventing and detecting crime. It is one of the important agencies within the State territory to maintain peace and security and uphold the internal sovereignty. It is also an important branch of criminal justice with other organs such as courts, prisons, corrections etc. The basic police mission—preserving order by enforcing rules of conduct or laws—was the same in ancient societies asRead MoreChild Welfare Committee / Juvenile Justice Board968 Words   |  4 Pagesexisting mechanisms regarding the rescue, recovery and the re integration of the child victims between India and Bangladesh. Measures regarding recovery, return and integration of the trafficked children from Bangladesh by creating bilateral relation with India are being done. Task Forces for Rescue, Recovery, Repatriation and Integration (RRRI) of trafficked children have been created in Bangladesh and in We st Bengal. The UNDOC has created a GLOBAL INITATIVE TO FIGHT HUMAN TRAFFICKING which is knownRead MoreThe Trafficking, The Victim s, And The Anti Trafficker s Perspectives1135 Words   |  5 Pagesconsiderably lower risk involved.† Low risk of detection and prosecution is in large part the consequence of widespread political and police corruption and greed that make it possible for trafficking to quickly and easily proliferate. Though national and international institutions attempt to regulate and enforce anti-trafficking legislation, local governments and police forces may actually be participating in sex trafficking. For example, just north of Phuket, is the town of Baan Bang Khi where livesRead MoreTraffic Jam in Bangladesh1544 Words   |  7 Pagesroad is blocked by something. The major factor behind traffic Jam in Bangladesh: There are many reasons behind traffic jam in Bangladesh. Among them some major factors are as follows: âž ¢ Undisciplined traffic signal in the road. âž ¢ Indiscipline among the road user. âž ¢ Might is right, everybody are free to park their vehicle on Road. âž ¢ No knowledge of traffic rules which encourage violating the rules. âž ¢ Enforcement of rules by dishonest persons who are busy in collection of illegalRead MoreEmnic Case Study1626 Words   |  7 Pages social media, and other online resources. Once the potential recruits are identified, they may be met by ISIS recruiters who have been trained and deployed to live in places such as the United States, Austria, Germany, Spain, Lebanon, Tunisia, Bangladesh, Indonesia, and Malaysia. Additionally, there may be newcomer undercover operatives in the regions that as act as go-betweens or clean men, who work under the radar to identify and link up with individuals who may be interested in carrying out attacksRead MoreDrug Addiction in Bangladesh4031 Words   |  17 PagesAssignment on Drug Addiction in Bangladesh [pic] Submitted To Dr. Ariful Bari Chowdhury, MBBS, MPH (Aus) Lecturer, Department of Public Health North South University Submitted by NAME ID Imran Ahmed 1020102030 Shuvo Ahsan Khan 1020085030 Mohammad Sazzadur Rahman 1020104030 Mahmudul Hasan 1020019030Read MoreComparing China And The United States1401 Words   |  6 PagesCross-cultural studies allow a common view of the variations, elements, and aspects of the justice systems. This paper examines the comparison of the justice system in China and the United States. Exploring the ideas and views, which include the confidence in police, informal and formal crime control, and views on capital punishment. China and the United States can be considered comparable in different interpretations, views, and ideas. These cultures are both very popular in the current world. China is a oneRead MoreHuman Trafficking Is The International African Slave Trade Essay1490 Words   |  6 Pagesa year. If that same victim were to have been in an industrialized country, like America, she would have brought in approximately $67,200 a year, but the top five most frequent areas for human trafficking are India, Pakistan, Haiti, Brazil, and Bangladesh. India had long had this problem. Pakistan has well over a million victims of forced free labor in the fields of mining, brick making, and other very physically intensive professions. Haiti mainly focuses on children who come from impoverished rural

Similarities Between The French Revolution And American...

The French Revolution and the American Revolution have many similarities but there are definitely some differences between these two wars as well. Yes, both wars were focused around liberty and equality and both were trying to gain freedom but the main difference between these two wars were the context. (www.quora.com) America wanted to gain freedom from rules and taxes that Great Britain had put upon them, whereas France wanted to abolish the French monarchy and form a better government where people had more freedom of speech. In 1760, King George set out to reassert royal power and claim himself as king. Finding seats in Parliament for his friends, they help him began to declare leadership and create policies, much of which were proven†¦show more content†¦This created a turning point during the war in 1777. They had triumphed over the British at the battle of Saratoga and by 1781, the American colonies gained victory. Washington forced the British to surrender at Yorktown Virginia. The old Regime in France has three estates. The first estate consists of the clergy, the second is the nobility and the third is the middle class to peasantry. After all that happened during the Regime such as the French economic crisis, Storming the Bastille, The Political Crisis that revolted in Paris, The Great Fear, The National Assembly, Declaration off the Rights of men, and the Reforms of the National Assembly, the French Revolution entered a radical phase. France experienced one of the bloodiest regimes as leaders sought to extend and preserve the Revolution. In 1792, disastrous battles overseas quickly inflamed revolutionaries in Paris. Parisians stormed the royal palace and slaughtered the king’s guards. In reaction, the royal family fled to the Legislative Assembly. Radicals then elected a new legislative body called the National Convention. This convention extended suffrage to be to all male citizens, not just property owners. It also abolished the monarchy and est ablished a republic. King Louis XVI was sentenced to death by a single vote. The Queen, Marie Antoinette was also executed. By 1799 the French Revolution dramatically changed France. It removed theShow MoreRelatedSimilarities Between The French Revolution And American Revolution1067 Words   |  5 PagesThe American Revolution and the French Revolution The late 1700’s was a time for cutting-edge inventions, literary and philosophical achievements, upcoming and rising leaders, and lastly, revolutions. The American revolution took place from 1770 to 1783. The French Revolution began in 1789 and lasted for a decade Both the American and French Revolution occurred at the same time and the citizens were both fighting for freedom from a monarchy, there are many important similarities and differencesRead MoreSimilarities And Similarities Between The American And French Revolution897 Words   |  4 PagesDuring the time period of 1648-1945 there were many revolutions taking place around the world. The biggest revolution that took place was the American and the French revolution. There were many similarities and differences between them. The first similarity being that they both wanted to escape their government. The second similarity being that they both started an uprising of people against their own government, due to unfair taxing. The French peasants were not represented by the government becauseRead MoreEssay On The French Revolution And American Revolution1370 Words   |  6 PagesThe American and French Revolutions are both unforgettable historical events that have made a substantial and se vere impact on the present-day society. The American Revolution was an influential time period, lasting from 1774-1783, where the 13 British colonies in the Americas rebelled against the rule of Great Britain for independence. The French Revolution was a period of chaos from 1789 to 1799, where the people of France tried to overthrow their monarchy, King Louis XVI. Both of these RevolutionsRead MoreFrench Revolution vs American Revolution1534 Words   |  7 PagesEssay 2/26/13 CC Essay French and American Revolution Both the American and French revolutions were focused on liberty and equality. America was trying to gain freedom from the rules, unfair taxation, War debt, and lack of representation from the British. The French Revolution on the other hand wanted to abolish the French monarchy and create a better government in which people could have more of a say in society, and also had similar causes as the American Revolution. They were similar inRead MoreComparing the American and French Revolutions1488 Words   |  6 PagesStates and French right before times of revolution. It therefore, compares and contrasts the French and America revolution and looked into the similarities of some f the events just right before the revolution took place. In conclusion, we look at the perception of the people on the methods used by both countries to push for revolution. Introduction Similarities Both French and America had various similarities and differences in histories of events which resulted to their revolution. The AmericaRead MoreThe French Revolution1575 Words   |  7 Pagesrule, France was working to free itself from royal absolutism. This period is historically known as the French Revolution. Many scholars do not agree on the chronology of the French Revolution; some scholars suggest that the Revolution took place between 1789 to 1799 while others feel that it did not end until Napoleon lost power in 1815. To better understand the history of the French Revolution it is necessary to discuss the causes, major events, significant figures, and the outcomes associated withRead MoreEssay on Comparing The French Revolution and The American Revolution1339 Words   |  6 PagesA revolution, by definition, is the overthrow of one government followed by replacement with another. The American Revolution against the British during 1775 to 1783 and the French Revolution pitti ng the French people against their own government during 1789 to 1799 were both very important political and social turnovers. This movement towards the establishment of a constitutional government influenced political thought throughout the world. By closely examining three of the main causes of theseRead MoreEssay on Revolution as a Product of the Enlightenment Period1070 Words   |  5 PagesWhat is a revolution? Revolution is defined, is the overthrow of one government with replacement of another. We are all familiar with the phrase â€Å"history repeats itself† over and over each in very different situations. The same can be said about the American and French Revolutions however these two revolutions end in very different situations. Both the American Revolution, (1775 -1783) and the French Revolution (1789 -1799) were the products of Enlightenment ideals that struck a large populationRead MoreAfter researching informational texts on modern and historical revolutions, w rite an essay that800 Words   |  4 PagesAfter researching informational texts on modern and historical revolutions, write an essay that compares a modern revolution to the French revolution and argues the significance of each. Mikayla Hammers World Studies Revolutions essay March 11, 2014 The French revolution and the Arab Spring revolution are comparable and both play significant roles. Many aspects of the revolutions from the causes to aftermath in the Middle East can resemble those that happened in France. All of which plays significantRead MoreParallel Wars in History1304 Words   |  6 Pagesform of the American Revolution. In order to understand the validity of that statement one must understand the French and foreign influences, the might of the British and United States, how the wars were fought, geography, and politics used in both wars. By understanding these one can come up with a working definition of revolution and the similarities between the two conflicts which span over 150 years between the two. To understand both conflicts one must first understand that revolution is not a

Rights and Freedoms of Aboriginal People over the Past Century Free Essays

Rights and Freedoms of Aboriginal people over the past Century The rights and freedoms of Aboriginal Australians have changed tremendously over the past decade. The treatment given to the indigenous population of Australia has been an aggravating issue, ever since the white settlement in Australia. As a matter of protection, the Australian governments have implemented, rules, and policies such as, ‘the policy of protection’, assimilation, integration, paternalism, and self-determination, gradually taking away, and disempowering the Aboriginals, and their rights, and freedoms. We will write a custom essay sample on Rights and Freedoms of Aboriginal People over the Past Century or any similar topic only for you Order Now Paternalism greatly affected individual Aboriginals. During the years of 1901 to 1914, many states and governments maintained similar attitudes and perspectives of the indigenous Australians. Predominantly, this perspective/attitude was based on the belief , that the Aboriginal population, were savages, uncivilised, and were regarded as much inferior or hold less mental capacity to determine what is best for them. This lead to paternalism. Paternalism is the meaning for ‘Fatherly’. This attitude led governments to take control over the Aboriginals, who are depicted to be unable to act for themselves. This act forced aboriginal people out of their traditional lands, the white Australians considered the need for agriculture land is much important for them rather than the Aboriginals. By extracting the Aboriginals from their lands and placing them on reserves, and providing them with adequate supplies of food, and other supplies, was thought as humane. The policy of Assimilation changed the freedom and rights of individual Aboriginal Australian. This policy fostered aboriginal people to change their, way of life, and adapt to the culture of ‘white people’ the individual aboriginals were expected to absorb and adapt to the white culture. This policy was depicted to be ‘good’ for the indigenous population. The policy of Assimilation was difficult to enforce, as aboriginal people retaliated, and fought for the rights, and for the preservation of their culture and identity. This lead to the ‘Stolen-generation’ which involved the forceful removal of aboriginal children from their lands, and family. The children were then dispatched into institutions, or were adopted by white families. As a result the policy of Assimilation continued. The policy of protection was linked to the act of paternalism, which had two intentions that is to preserve and protect the aboriginals, and to educate the existing population, on western culture. From the intention of protecting the indigenous population, the aboriginals faced racism, discrimination, and the deterioration of their way of life. For example under the policy aboriginals could be moved onto reserves at any time, they required permission from the government to marry a white person, they could not vote. During the past century, Aboriginal people were forced to accept protectionism. Practicing and following their culture and way of life was strictly prohibited, therefore this policy had a great negative impact upon the aboriginals. For many decades, The Aboriginal organisations have made amendments for the removal of discriminatory references to aboriginal people individuals in Australia. The federal council for the aboriginals launched a campaign for a referendum. These campaigns were established in all states of Australia. In 1967 (45years ago) a referendum was held. During the referendum, one of the two questions asked was whether the derogatory statements and references to aboriginal people should be removed. The referendum has regularly been seen as providing full citizenship to aboriginals. The referendum and the constitutional changes were not quickly enforced however, over time this referendum changed the lives of aboriginals and their participation to the nation. This referendum changed the lives of aboriginal Australians as they are able to participate in mainstream events, and were able to sustain their way of life, and gained freedom. The rights and freedoms of the indigenous people continued to change as the policy of assimilation was changed into integration. Aboriginal people fought for the individual rights to participate and engage in activities in the mainstream society. Integration allowed aboriginal individuals, for the first time to, keep their way of life, culture, and customs. They were able to make personal decisions on how their life was meant to be. At the year 1965, the commonwealth conference on the aboriginal policy, changed the policy of assimilation to integration. Self-Determination is the fundamental right for a nation or a specific group of people to regulate all aspects of their lives such as, culture. This policy involved the indigenous people, to have complete right to navigate their basic needs and collective wants. This includes secure and private ownership of land, local community control of land, local community control of services, and community affairs. For Aboriginal communities, the ownership of a segment of land is vital approach for the achievement of self-determination. Self-determination is linked to many issues, such as the return of human remains and sacred material by museums, the recognition of customary law, access to culture and appropriate education, and culturally of appropriate housing communities. The establishment of Aboriginal owned organisations is an important step towards self-determination. In conclusion, it is evident that the Australian government practiced policies which restricted and controlled the rights and freedoms of the Aboriginal people. From the 1900’s, Policies such as, the policy of protection’, and, assimilation, had negative impact to the aboriginal way of life, and culture. However over the 1960’s policies such as, Integration, self-determination, and the constitutional referendum have brought aboriginals freedom, and rights. They are able to participate in mainstream events, regardless of their race, and were able to practice their way of live, and were able to preserve their cultural heritage. parthia_mash@yahoo. com By: Gokul (10W) How to cite Rights and Freedoms of Aboriginal People over the Past Century, Essay examples

Poster Graphics Essay Example For Students

Poster Graphics Essay The 1890s was the beginning of the first poster graphics. Not only have these posters been seen as advertisements but they are also looked upon as works of art. Two excellent examples of different work done during this period are Alphonse Muchas Lorenzaccio 1898 and Henri Toulouse- Lautrecs Jardin de Paris 1893. Each poster is equally exquisite in its line, style, color, composition, and perspective. Alphonse Mucha was born in 1860 and traveled to Paris in 1890. He designed posters in the fashionable Byzantine style of ornamentation. In Muchas Lorenzaccio this can clearly be seen. The poster is a cropped image in the vertical pillar style with elaborate ornamentation through out. There is written word on the top and bottom as typical of many of his works. By the writing around the figure we can see that the poster was intended to be made for Sarah Bernhardt. The poster exhibits intricate, flowing line with sharp outlines. The active, curvilinear line dominates the picture. Its dramatic, decorative design can be seen through the dragon that looks straight into our eyes. There are distinct monochromatic colors of green, brown and red. Lorenzaccio is a heavily detailed, two dimensional poster with no middle ground. The subject is off in thought in the poster. The clothing she is wearing particularly adds to the active line. The background is extremely decorative. Altogether the poster is created with a compartmentalized composition. I would characterize Muchas work in the Art Nouveau style because of his use of decorative style with simplified forms. His sharp, curvilinear line; full color tones, and Cloisonisme composition add to the stylistic qualities. However, I believe that Henri Toulouse- Lautrecs Jardin de Paris is especially well designed as the use of a poster and work of art. I prefer this poster better because of its different approach to advertising in a clear, eye catching way, and its use of distortion for effect. Much of Lautrecs style comes from Cheret from the English Arts and Crafts movement. The impact of Lautrecs work can also be seen through other artists as Pablo Picasso in his The Blue Room 1901. His subject, which he used many times in his work, is Jane Avril. In this poster we see her as the orchestra member would. Lautrec creates her as a broad silhouette with a face that looks tired and unhappy. Jardin de Paris is unique in that the flowing form of the orchestra member brings us up to the picture where the distinct color is used on the dancer. Lautrec uses bright red and yellow to accentuate her, and uses gray and black for the rest of the composition. He uses simplified forms with distinct, dark outlines. In this work, like Muchas, there are two dimensional, Cloisonisme qualities created in a vertical pillar form. The asymmetrical objects help to create the foreground/ background qualities. The instrument works as a carrier for our eyes to move back and forth from the foreground and background. The orchestra member also creates an exiting picture frame around Jane Avril. The use of angular lines draw the viewers eye to and fro. This can be seen in the angle of the instrument, the backstage, and particularly how the dancers is bent. Altogether this is a very bold and striking work. I believe Jardin de Paris to be from the English Arts and Crafts movement because of its emphasis on flat figures, simplified forms and sharp outlines. Both posters exhibit stylistic qualities from both the English Arts and Crafts movement, Art Nouveau and a little Japonisme.